The production of biofilms is a conservative process, enabling bacterial survival under challenging environmental conditions. aureus (MRSA)), engendering a critical issue in hospitals. aureus are resistant to the antibiotic methicillin (methicillin-resistant S. Additionally, some pathogenic strains of S. aureus is a dangerous human pathogen, causing opportunistic infections and severe life-threatening diseases, such as severe sepsis, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome and endocarditis. The species of Staphylococci were distinguished into two groups based on their ability to coagulate blood: coagulase-positive Staphylococci (CoPS), where Staphylococcus aureus is the most important, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), which comprises the majority of other species, including S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, a less aggressive skin commensal, has drawn attention as a frequent cause of biofilm-associated infection from medical devices and associated complications, including bloodstream infections. due to its vast and diverse arsenal of aggressive toxins and virulence factors. Among the staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus is the focus of most clinical concerns since its infections are commonly more severe and aggressive than those caused by other Staphylococci spp. Generally, the Gram-positive staphylococci are the leading cause of device-related infections (DRIs). The biochemical pattern CoPS is associated with antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation and can be an alarming indicator of potential antibiotic resistance. The totality of the strong and medium-strength film-forming isolates represented the majority proportion (80%) of the total investigated clinical samples. Antibiotic resistance was developing against the most frequently used antimicrobial drugs, while vancomycin was the least-resisted drug. epidermidis was the most abundant form of CoNS. aureus was the sole representative of CoPS, while S. CoPS was the most abundant species among the total population. The formation of staphylococci biofilms in the absence of ica genes may be related to the presence of other biofilm formation ica-independent mechanisms. Thirteen isolates (46.7%) showed the presence of one gene, six (20%) isolates exhibited the two genes, while ten (33.3%) had neither of them. Their biofilm development was followed by an analysis via the MTP (microtiter tissue culture plates) technique, and we then investigated the presence/absence of icaA and icaB, which were qualified in the top-30 potent biofilm-forming isolates. Conventional bacteriological tests identified the species of all isolates, and standard microbiological techniques differentiated them into CoPS or CoNS. Sixty-six (66) Staphylococcus bacterial isolates were withdrawn from separate clinical samples of hospitalized patients with various clinical infections.
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